Если Windows 10 или Windows Server 2016 занимают много места, то скорее всего, они накачались обновлений и не удаляют их.
Признаками этого могут являться - огромные размеры папок c:\Windows\WinSxS, C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution\Download и других.
Помочь очистить эти папки и освободить место могут команды, выполненные с правами админа:

dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
dism /online /cleanup-image /spsuperseded
Dism.exe /online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup
Dism.exe /online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup /ResetBase

Проблемы

dism /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth

Deployment Image Servicing and Management tool
Version: 10.0.14393.0

Image Version: 10.0.14393.2457

[==========================100.0%==========================]
Error: 14

Not enough storage is available to complete this operation.

The DISM log file can be found at C:\Windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log

При этом, проблема не в свободно месте на диске. На диске свободно 30Gb и даже использование отдельного диска с ключом /ScratchDir результата не дало.

В логах C:\Windows\Logs\DISM\dism.log и %WINDIR%\logs\CBS\cbs.log такое:

2018-11-21 15:26:12, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=6984 TID=7012  Error in operation: (null) (CBS HRESULT=0x8007000e) - CCbsConUIHandler::Error
2018-11-21 15:26:12, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=6984 TID=7032 Failed finalizing changes. - CDISMPackageManager::Internal_Finalize(hr:0x8007000e)
2018-11-21 15:26:12, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=6984 TID=7032 Failed processing package changes with session option CbsSessionOptionRepairStoreCorruption - CDISMPackageManager::RestoreHealth(hr:0x8007000e)
2018-11-21 15:26:13, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=6984 TID=7032 Failed to restore the image health. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ProcessCmdLine_CleanupImage(hr:0x8007000e)
2018-11-21 15:26:13, Error                 DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=6984 TID=7032 Failed while processing command cleanup-image. - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine(hr:0x8007000e)
2018-11-21 15:26:13, Info                  DISM   DISM Package Manager: PID=6984 TID=7032 Further logs for online package and feature related operations can be found at %WINDIR%\logs\CBS\cbs.log - CPackageManagerCLIHandler::ExecuteCmdLine
2018-11-21 15:26:13, Error                 DISM   DISM.EXE: DISM Package Manager processed the command line but failed. HRESULT=8007000E
2018-11-21 15:26:12, Info                  CBS    Exec: Processing complete, session(Corruption Repairing): 30704016_2607851930 [HRESULT = 0x8007000e - E_OUTOFMEMORY]
2018-11-21 15:26:12, Error                 CBS    Session: 30704016_2607851930 failed to perform store corruption detect and repair operation. [HRESULT = 0x8007000e - E_OUTOFMEMORY]
2018-11-21 15:26:12, Info                  CBS    Session: 30704016_2607851930 finalized. Download error: 0x8007000e [E_OUTOFMEMORY], Reboot required: no [HRESULT = 0x8007000e - E_OUTOFMEMORY]
2018-11-21 15:26:12, Info                  CBS    Failed to FinalizeEx using worker session [HRESULT = 0x8007000e]
2018-11-21 15:28:14, Info                  CBS    Trusted Installer is shutting down because: SHUTDOWN_REASON_AUTOSTOP
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